Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of medications commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. They work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which plays a key role in the production of prostaglandins, substances that promote inflammation and pain in the body. NSAIDs are widely used to treat conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, headaches, and minor injuries. Common examples include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. While NSAIDs are generally safe when used as directed, they can cause side effects such as stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and kidney damage in some individuals. Researchers are continually studying NSAIDs to better understand their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and potential risks. This includes investigating new NSAID formulations, combination therapies, and alternative treatment options for managing pain and inflammation. Additionally, research is ongoing to explore the long-term effects of NSAID use on various health outcomes.